Test for asymmetry on the ex-pump price of premium gasoline in Ghana, Kenya, and Colombia

Once again, the World has been faced with an oil price shock as a result of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This resurrected old debate whether retail fuel prices adjust significantly to either increases or decreases in international crude prices. With many countries moving towards deregulation their petroleum sub-sector, impact US dollar exchange rate on cannot be overlooked. study investigates at which positive and negative changes Brent affected ex-pump premium gasoline between February 2012 December 2019. Using non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag model, was found play significant role fluctuations Ghana Colombia long run, howev-er, adjustment not significant, dispelling perception asymmetry. There no relationship Kenya run. recommends that aforementioned prioritise creation ex-change buffers prevent shocks may affect